シニフィアンとシニフィエ
ソシュールの言語学
シニフィアンとシニフィエ。一体なんだそれは？という感じですが、これがフランス語でフェルディナン・ド・ソシュールという言語学者が言った概念です。
シニフィアンは表像（言葉・音声）、シニフィエは概念（意味）です。
例えば「猫」という文字、または音声を聞いた時に、人は頭の中で「猫」のイメージを思い浮かべます。
この時の猫という文字または音声がシニフィアンで、頭の中で思い浮かべる猫のイメージがシニフィエです。
シニフィエは人それぞれ違う可能性があります。例えば、猫と言っても、Aさんは灰色の猫、Bさんは太った黒猫、Cさんは白いアメリカンショートヘアを思い浮かべるかもしれません。
つまり、シニフィアンは同じでも、シニフィエは人によって異なるということになります。
これは当たり前のことですが、けっこう大事なことでもあります。
猫に関しては、どのようなイメージをもっていても通常は特に問題ありませんが、なにか大事な話をする時に同じ言葉を使っていても認識が異なっていることがあれば、これは問題になる可能性があります。
ですので、いわゆるキーワードに関しては認識を合わせることが重要です。
会話をしていてなにかしっくりこない場合は、言葉の認識がずれている可能性があります。これを完全に一致させるのは不可能ですが、ある程度の水準までは合わせることは可能です。
言葉は正しく使うことが非常に重要です。
なにかを議論する時に、議題の言葉の認識自体が間違っていたり、参加者の認識がばらばらだった場合はOUTPUTが全く異なってしまう可能性があります。
ですので、私の場合は何かをプレゼンしたり人に説明する場合は、論題の言葉に対して、辞書を引いたり信頼性がある情報源から調べることから始めます。
最初が間違っていたら元も子もないからです。
よく、難しいことが書いてある本で、筆者が「本書ではこの言葉は〇〇という定義をします。」などと書いてありますが、これもできる限り認識を揃えるためです。
言葉には力がありますが、シニフィアンとシニフィエという考え方も面白くてとても大事ですね。
最後までお読みいただきありがとうございました。
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